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Jennifer Sheridan

April 5, 2019 by wpengine

What Makes Reptiles So Unique?

What makes reptiles so unique? Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, Jennifer Sheridan, shares some of her favorite facts about the unique adaptations of reptiles including flying lizards and flying snakes. She also addresses how human activities impact reptiles like turtles, and how they adapt to changes in climate.

Ask a Scientist is a video series where we ask our research staff questions about the millions of amazing objects and specimens stored in our museum collection. Tune in on YouTube, and submit your own questions at https://carnegiemnh.org/visitor/ask-a-scientist-videos/

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: amphibians and reptiles, Anthropocene, herpetology, Jennifer Sheridan, Lizards, reptiles, snakes

March 1, 2019 by wpengine

The Enduring Appeal of Snakes

by Jennifer A. Sheridan

As a herpetologist, I’m often asked whether I see a lot of snakes. To be clear, seeing snakes is always an exciting treat for me. But I’ve come to learn that when people ask this question, they’re usually not asking because they want to hear about all the gorgeous ones I’ve seen, but because they want to gauge how “dangerous” it is to be out and about in the forests where I work. I always explain that snakes are fairly skittish and most will quickly move away from humans, but that yes, I do have the good fortune of seeing some excellent individuals. I especially love Danum Valley, one of my field sites in Borneo, for this reason. Depending on the year, I may be lucky enough to see several species within a short time, and last October I had some great sightings.

Because I focus on amphibians, most of my work is at night, and mostly along streams. Often, we see snakes on branches as we come into the stream, like this lovely triangle keelback (Xenochrophis triangularis):

snake on a branch at night

Or in the middle of our search for frogs along the stream transect, like this blunt-headed snail-eating snake (Aplopeltura boa):

snake in a tree at night

This species is one of my favorites because it has a big fat head that it uses to hunt for snails. It unhinges its jaw and inserts the lower jaw into the shell to pull out the meat. Sorry, Tim Pearce! 😉

Other times we see snakes swimming in the water as we’re walking upstream, like this baby Python reticulatus:

snake in the water

This was one of the highlights of the trip because a) baby pythons are so cute and b) it had clearly just eaten, so it had a large belly bulge (I feel you, python). When it tried to dive under water, its belly kept floating at the surface and it didn’t really have much luck in hiding away from us. Adorable. (It eventually made its way over to the bank and up into the forest.)

One of the most striking sights, however, had to be this mangrove snake (Boiga dendrophila) swimming downstream towards us, head held up above the water, jet black body lithely undulating behind it. Because of its bright yellow chin and underside, it is extremely striking at night.

snake on rocky ground at night

One time, years ago, I was in the middle of a transect and the batteries in my headlamp had started to die. I stopped, turned off my light, and changed them out while my teammates continued the survey upstream. When I got my headlamp back on my head and switched it on, a Boigadendrophilawas between my feet. While I am fairly calm in the field, I have to admit that this gave me quite a start! But he went on his way and I went on mine, neither of us all that bothered by the other. So while many people fear snakes, for the vast majority of species if you don’t bother them, they really won’t bother you.

Jennifer A. Sheridan is the Assistant Curator in the Section of Herpetology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

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Carnegie Museum of Natural History Blog Citation Information

Blog author: Sheridan, Jennifer A.
Publication date: March 1, 2019

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Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: amphibians and reptiles, Borneo, herpetology, Jennifer Sheridan, reptiles, snakes

November 28, 2018 by wpengine

Field Time in Borneo

By Jennifer Sheridan

Jennifer Sheridan and students in Borneo

As some of you know, my main field research takes place in Malaysian Borneo, in the state of Sabah. I travel there frequently for work (ecological fieldwork), and I was lucky enough to be asked to serve as an instructor for a graduate field course held at one of my main field sites in October of this year. This particular site, Danum Valley Conservation Area, is one of the largest expanses of lowland primary forest remaining in Borneo, and because I have been going there regularly since 2010, it holds special meaning for me. Thus, I was very eager to share my enthusiasm for and knowledge of this place and its herpetological inhabitants with students.

AudioMoth on a tree and students in the background

This particular field course is run by the Tropical Biology Association, based out of Cambridge (UK). TBA courses are wonderful for many reasons, but one of my favorite features is that they are an even mix of students from Europe and, in the case of the Danum course, Southeast Asia. Because students in SE Asia don’t always have the same opportunities for continued graduate education as do students in Europe and the US, this course provides much-needed capacity building in a region that suffers from the highest rate of deforestation (and thus biodiversity loss) in the world. This year’s course featured students from 12 countries, and was nearly 2/3 female—another important capacity-building measure, given that women remain underrepresented in the sciences.

tarsier in a tree at night

The structure of the course is also one that I think works well: two weeks of detailed field instruction and exercises, introducing students to methods of surveying and studying multiple taxonomic groups, followed by two weeks of students working in small groups to design, execute, and present original research projects. For me, as a scientist working at the site long-term, this structure also allows me to test new methods or gather pilot data for potential future projects. This year I supervised two groups who chose to work on frogs: one group who radiotracked a species of frog that had never been tracked before, and one group who measured the biomass of frogs on three different streams. The former project was intended to serve as pilot data for future radiotracking studies in primary and disturbed forest areas, to determine whether movement patterns and dispersal of amphibians are impacted by fragmentation. The latter project was partly because I had never measured this before and was curious what the biomass of frogs on these streams was, and partly because knowing biomass, in addition to abundance and diversity, can help ecologists like me better understand how loss of species or communities (multiple species of frogs, for example) impacts ecosystem function. Both of these projects, though small, will be written up by myself and the students who conducted them, and submitted to regional peer-reviewed journals for publication. In science, publications such as this are important both for me as curator, as well as for students just beginning their careers.

frog on a leaf at night

In addition to the wonderful educational and research opportunities this course afforded all of us, I happen to just love being in the field. I wake up to the sound of gibbons or birds calling. I get to hike through the jungle to get to my pristine streams (most frogs in Borneo are stream-breeders), which are so beautiful. I can talk shop with other researchers, like the fellow instructor I met who studies carbon stocks of Sabah forests, and who will now collaborate with me on my long-term research project. I look for frogs along streams at night, and in doing so I get to see loads of other wildlife, like snakes, sleeping lizards and birds, fluorescent caterpillars, glow-in-the-dark fungi, mouse deer, civets, slow loris, tarsier, and clouded leopard, just to name a few. The dual nature of my job—sitting at my desk analyzing data, managing the section of amphibians & reptiles, and writing papers, then going out and living and working in the jungle—is one of the greatest things about being a scientist, and one of the reasons I love being a curator. This was one of the greatest field months of my life thanks to the amazing students, my fellow instructors, and the luck of seeing so much great wildlife, and now I get the pleasure of sharing the results of that trip with the public as well as the scientific community, while exploring other projects with our expansive museum collections. I really can’t imagine doing anything else.

Jennifer A. Sheridan is the Assistant Curator in the Section of Herpetology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: amphibians, Borneo, conservation, herpetology, Jennifer Sheridan, reptiles

September 21, 2018 by wpengine

Scientists Live – Jennifer Sheridan

Assistant Curator of Amphibians and Reptiles, Jennifer Sheridan, discussed her upcoming research and teaching trip to Borneo on Facebook Live! If you missed it live, check out the recording to learn all about her trip. While in Borneo, she will search for frogs to study how they are affected by climate change and the actions of humans. Learn about why the trip is important and how you can follow along while she is traveling.

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: Borneo, frogs, Jennifer Sheridan, reptiles, Scientists Live

August 9, 2018 by wpengine

New Rattlesnake Specimen

By Jennifer A. Sheridan

rattlesnake specimen

Last week the amphibian and reptile unit acquired a valuable specimen—a timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). This species is federally protected, and females can take up to 10 years to reach sexual maturity. This long time to maturity means that they are particularly vulnerable to population declines, so for this and other reasons we would never harvest a live one. Fresh roadkills, however, while sad, are valuable to our collection and the collective database on rattlesnakes. This was found dead in the road at Powdermill Nature Reserve, so I brought it back to the museum to fix in formalin.

The formalin helps to harden the tissues so that they maintain a shape in long-term storage that is conducive to future morphological study. After about two weeks, the curatorial assistant, Kaylin Martin, will soak the specimen in water to remove as much formalin as possible (leaving it in formalin too long can make the specimen difficult to handle for future studies), and then transfer it to gradually stronger ethanol for long-term storage. Amphibian and reptile specimens are stored in ethanol (hence the name of our home, the Alcohol House) to prevent them from decaying over time.

Alcohol House shelves

This particular specimen brings our total number of C. horridus at Carnegie Museum of Natural History to 597. Our earliest specimen dates back to 1872 (nearly 150 years ago!), and we have specimens representing every decade from 1890–1990, collected from 18 different states.

Prior to this roadkill, our last specimen was collected in 1991—so this is a good specimen to have considering the long time gap in our collection.

Researchers interested in studying long-term trends of rattlesnakes can search online databases such as VertNet to find which museums have specimens, and then examine specimens from several different museums to understand long-term changes in distribution, size, or breeding phenology, and how those may be associated with changes in land use due to increased human population sizes, or changes in climate. We’re sad to have found this beautiful specimen killed on the road, but I’m pleased to know that as part of our collection, it may provide a key element of understanding broader ecological patterns.

Jennifer A. Sheridan is the Assistant Curator in the Section of Herpetology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: amphibians and reptiles, conservation, herpetology, Jennifer Sheridan

July 26, 2018 by wpengine

New Member of the Section of Herpetology

By Jennifer Sheridan

The Section of Herpetology has welcomed a new curator—me! I’m happy to be writing this blog post as a way of introducing myself and to be joining the Carnegie Museums family.

I moved here from Singapore, where I was Assistant Professor of Environmental Studies for the past four years at Yale-NUS College, a small liberal-arts college entering its sixth year of operation. It was fantastic, but I’m very much looking forward to my new role as curator. People often ask me what exactly a curator does, and in my case, it won’t be too different from my job as a professor: my time will be divided between research & curation, outreach & education, and service to the museum (providing input for exhibits, for example). At Yale-NUS, about two-thirds of my time was teaching (education) and service, and about one-third was research, so I’m looking forward to being able to devote a larger portion of my time (closer to 50%) to research now that I’m here.

Additionally, it’s exciting to have such a great collection on hand with which to answer questions about ecological responses to climate change, one of the main foci of my research. In fact, a recent paper of mine relied heavily on specimens from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. My co-authors and I used more than 350 specimens from this museum, plus more than 900 specimens from 15 other museums, collected between 1901–2000, to examine how wood frog body size and breeding have shifted in response to climate change.

maps showing body size changes
Image credit: Nick Caruso

We found that breeding and size shifted as predicted at broad spatial scales, but when we examined the data at finer spatial scales, local changes in climate did not accurately predict local body size changes. This suggests that climate itself is not the driving factor of observed body size changes, but rather that there is another mechanism driving such changes, that also correlates with climate. Moving forward, I’ll be combining examinations of the collections with field work to uncover other ways that amphibians have responded to climate change, whether through shifts in body size, breeding date, or geographic range, and what impacts that might have on ecosystem function. I’m excited to be here with such great resources for answering these interesting questions!

Jennifer Sheridan is the Assistant Curator in the Section of Herpetology at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: amphibians, Anthropocene, climate change, herpetology, Jennifer Sheridan, reptiles

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