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Sarah Williams

September 24, 2021 by wpengine

What Do Botanists Do On Saturday?

by Sarah C. Williams

Here in the section of Botany we’ve adapted in some strange ways, just like plants do, to the changes of the past year and a half. Let’s learn about the off days of some of our Super Scientists in the Section of Botany!

Mason Heberling, Assistant Curator of Botany

Collecting specimens has become a focus as more time was able to be spent in the field when we weren’t allowed to be at the museum. As our new Botany Hall entrance video shows, Assistant Curator of Botany, Mason Heberling and Collections Manager Bonnie Isaac collect plant specimens on a pretty regular basis. They also snag iNaturalist observations for these plants, taking photos that show what the plant and habitat looked before being picked and pressed.

Mason studies forest understory plants, in particular, introduced species and wildflowers in our changing environment. Mason has a bunch of fun projects going on this summer, ranging from coordinating seed collections of an uncommon native grass to send to Germany for a large greenhouse study to working with a team of students to study the effects of climate change and introduced shrubs on our forest wildflowers.

In addition to work in the field, the herbarium has been a busy place this summer too! Mason has been working with Alyssa McCormick, an undergraduate research intern from Chatham University, to examine stomata (the pores on leaves for air exchange for plants to “breathe”) and leaf nutrients in everyone’s favorite plant – poison ivy!  Poison ivy has been previously shown to grow bigger and cause nastier skin rashes with increasing carbon dioxide in our air due to fossil fuel emissions. Alyssa is using specimens collected as long ago as the 1800s to examine long term changes in poison ivy.

Man outside in a forested area
Man setting up equipment in a forested area

Mason, where can we find you on a Saturday?

“This summer has been a lot of going to various places around western PA like Presque Isle or Idlewild to get out and enjoy the fresh air with my family. I can also be found most Saturdays around the house doing chores!”

Bonnie Isaac, Collection Manager

Bonnie, one of CMNH’s TikTok celebrities, and All-Star in the Mid-Atlantic plant world, has spent a lot of the past year doing fieldwork. Her PA Wild Resource Grant involved looking at most of the populations for 10 Pennsylvania rare species. She and husband Joe Isaac spent many days on the road and a few in the bog! You can see some of her videos about these unique Pennsylvania finds on Carnegie Museum of Natural History’s Tiktok account: @carnegiemnh.

She diligently keeps track of various data points from latitude and longitude and elevation, to flower color, size, and associated species within a habitat. In addition to trying to make sure the plant names in our database are correct, she has also been busy georeferencing some of our specimens so that we can see on a map where each one was collected.

Woman walking in the woods
Two people in kayaks on the water

Bonnie, where can we find you on a Saturday?

“On most Saturdays I am either home taking care of my many chickens or getting some exercise in one of my kayaks with my spousal unit, Joe. I sometime even take a fishing pole for a ride or see how many different kinds of plants I can find on a hike. As long as I can get outside with Joe, I’m happy.”

Cynthia Pagesh, Herbarium Assistant

Specimens make their way home to the museum, where we assure they’re bone dry, flat as a pancake, and have been frozen twice to get rid of any pests. They then find their way into the nimble hands of Cynthia Pagesh, our resident plant mounter. Cynthia has luckily been able to do some mounting both onsite and at home over this past year, really honing her craft. She uses Elmer’s glue, dental and sculpture tools, linen tape, and a paintbrush akin to a magic wand: transforming roots, stems, flowers, and fruits into scientific and artistic renderings on an 11.5×16.5” archival herbarium sheet.

Mounting can be very detailed and challenging: wrangling a dry and brittle rare plant you want to salvage every detail from, or an oversized leaf ‘how-will-this-all-fit?’ ordeal, or finessing a delicate petal that glue is especially heavy on. Bulky bits, crumbly bits, spiky no nos: Cyn handles them all. Her work is just as much an art as it is a science. When she’s not making masterpieces, she’s probably doing something with plants.

Person in a greenhouse
Person in the woods

Cyn, where can we find you on a Saturday?

“You can find me on Saturdays helping prune young trees in my community, collecting wildflower seeds or in my kitchen making preserves or homemade pasta noodles.  I volunteer in vegetable, herb and flower gardens.  I have a pollinator garden at home and raise Monarch caterpillars.  I tag and release them to migrate south.

There are lots of Community Science projects for people of all ages: ask someone to help you find one related to a subject you have an interest in.  I have an interest in pollinators including bees.  I participate in a Community Science Project every Summer that counts types of bees on certain plants when they bloom.”

Iliana DiNicola

After another stint in the freezer for bugs-be-gone, it’s everyone’s favorite day: Picture Day! Each plant: sturdy and mounted, all data logged and super official, makes their way to the imaging station to spend some time under the bright lights. Since 2018, students, interns, and volunteers have lovingly held these plants’ hands as they get their close ups. We take high definition photos using a specially made lightbox and special software.

While this is part of a limited project, called the Mid-Atlantic Megalopolis, we are still hard at work going into our last year of the time we were given. This past schoolyear and summer, former Pitt student, Iliana DiNicola was taking pictures for us on the regular while also interning with the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy. She just graduated and I’m excited to hear what she does on her Saturdays in the future.

Woman looking at a plant outdoors
Woman working with herbarium sheets

Iliana, where can we find you on a Saturday?

“I just graduated from the University of Pittsburgh with a degree in Environmental Studies, and I am now on the lookout for any jobs related to the environment back in my hometown of Phoenix, Arizona. I am interested in working with anything from sustainability, to policy or political work, or maybe even something more related to ecology and outdoor work.

On a Saturday, I am definitely helping clean my house since I am a semi-clean freak, I love to go hiking if the weather isn’t too hot, enjoy drawing and working on any art projects, or work on my future hydroponics garden.

As somebody who interned for Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy, I highly recommend participating in any camps or activities the conservancy has to offer. It was super fun learning more about Pittsburgh’s history and ecology and getting to teach kids about these topics, alongside participating in fun outdoor activities.”

Sarah Williams, Curatorial Assistant

Next up, Sarah Williams, the Curatorial Assistant in the Section of Botany, is overseeing the digitization project, morphing the photos from raw camera files into smaller files for sharing and detailed files for archival storing using Adobe Lightroom. She takes the images from the newly photographed specimens and makes sure they get uploaded onto the Mid-Atlantic Herbaria Consortium’s website to be shared far and wide across the world.

There is also a lot she does in sorting, filing, and taking care of the specimens as well. She does a bunch of scheduling, hiring, and training of work study students, interns, and volunteers. We consider her a jack of all trades.

Woman in the woods
Woman in a greenhouse

Sarah, where can we find you on a Saturday?

“Most weekends I work with a local catering company called Black Radish Kitchen. I usually end up serving delicious vegetable and farm focused meals at least one day a week, commonly Saturdays because they’re prime for celebrations. The re-start up since the pandemic has been cautious, and I’m excited to be amongst people and help them to make mouthwatering memories again. I’ve worked in the restaurant industry for over a decade and the skills I’ve learned doing it as well as the friends I’ve made are matchless. It has a big piece of my heart.

I also moved into a new house this year about five minutes from my mom, so if I’m not running to say hi to her and ‘borrow’ some groceries, I’m doing laundry, dusting and yardwork… but only after I sleep in, eat some delicious breakfast with my partner, and hang out with our two cats, Santi and Gil.”

We hope you enjoyed getting to know us here in the Section of Botany, look forward to updates and more introductions in the future as we continue to host volunteers, federal work-study students, and interns on their journeys to learn even more about the plant kingdom.

Sarah Williams is Curatorial Assistant in the Section of Botany at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

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Carnegie Museum of Natural History Blog Citation Information

Blog author: Williams, Sarah C.
Publication date: September 24, 2021

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Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: Botany, plants, Sarah Williams, Science News, ssstakeover

August 24, 2020 by wpengine

Protecting Plant Specimens from Decomposing

It takes a lot of time and care to keep our collections and specimens out of harm’s way. A TikTok viewer asked us on a video of mounting a herbarium specimen, “How do you protect it from decomposing?” and we sought to answer that question, but it would certainly take more than 150 characters. From start to finish, the process can take anywhere from 7 days to weeks, depending on the amount of specimens that we receive. We have roughly 533,000 specimens, and that number continues to grow. Here’s a look at what steps we take to ensure they will last and be preserved for use in the future.

First, we press the new fresh plants between sheets of newspaper and corrugated cardboard and use cam straps to bundle them as tightly as possible.

stack of boards secured with red straps
cardboard, wooden boards, and red cam straps

We dry them rapidly with a box crafted by Bonnie and Joe Isaac.  A small space heater forces warm dry air between the pieces of cardboard. The quick drying is essential to preserving the colors of plants we collect. Quick drying also makes it less likely a plant specimen will rot, mold, or have browning of leaves than if it were just drying at room temperature for several days or weeks. Our method usually dries them in 72 hours or less.

detail of space heater
box setup for quick drying of plant specimens
side view of box setup for quick drying of plant specimens

After they are pressed, we place the specimens in a freezer for at least 24 hours. This will be their first freeze: it is done to get rid of any living pests that may be hiding in the material.

Next, we mount dried plant specimens onto cotton fiber neutral pH archival acid free paper.  The basic Elmer’s glue we use to stick the specimens to the paper is also acid free and good for archival use, as well as the paper and ink used on the data labels. After they are mounted, they will meet with the freezer for at least another 24 hours, assuring any pests that were able to survive the last freeze will be eliminated.

mounting tools: Elmer's Glue-All, archival pen, Glue Stic

Their data are then entered into our database, and we take high resolution photos so that we can post the images alongside their data for use.

Finally, the metal cases we store them in are light tight and airtight, preventing exposure to UV light, insects and pests, humidity, water, and in some cases fire damage. UV light can be the most harmful to the fading and quality of specimens. The longer things are on display the more faded the colors can become, which is part of why behind the scenes collections are so important.

open cabinet full of stacked plant specimens
closed metal cabinets

Maintaining and protecting the collections that we house is a full time labor of love. You see these specimens through so many steps and look closely at each item. You learn their names, their attributes, where they are from, and you share these tiny joys with everyone else when you are able to display these beautiful works of nature and art. So maybe another answer to the question “How do you protect it from decomposing?” is… you just love it a little extra.

Sarah Williams is Curatorial Assistant in the Section of Botany at Carnegie Museum of Natural History. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

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Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: Botany, Hall of Botany, Sarah Williams, Science News, Section of Botany

November 12, 2018 by wpengine

Pennsylvania Botany 2018

by Bonnie Isaac

Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CMNH) was well represented at PA Botany 2018. The 4th Biennial Pennsylvania Botany Symposium took place on November 2nd and 3rd at the Penn Stater Hotel and Conference Center. CMNH staff were there in full force.  PNR Director John Wenzel, Post-Doctoral Fellow Mason Heberling, Botany Collection Manager Bonnie Isaac, and Botany Curatorial Assistant Sarah Williams attended in addition to over 200 other people. This event features a day of workshops followed by a day of presentations. CMNH Botany folks were involved in both the workshops and the symposium talks. Williams & Isaac assisted workshop leaders, Heberling was a student in one of the workshops, and Wenzel was a symposium speaker.  CMNH Botany volunteer Joe Isaac was the instructor for the workshop for Botanical Consultants.

Curatorial Assistant Sarah Williams, Post-Doctoral Fellow Mason Heberling, PNR Director John Wenzel and Botany Collection Manager Bonnie Isaac at CMNH Table in the Exhibitor hall at PA Botany 2018.
Curatorial Assistant Sarah Williams, Post-Doctoral Fellow Mason Heberling, PNR Director John Wenzel and Botany Collection Manager Bonnie Isaac at CMNH Table in the Exhibitor hall at PA Botany 2018.

John Wenzel’s presentation highlighted some of the exciting things going on at Powdermill Nature Reserve and CMNH integrating botany and technology. John showed the crowd some of the cool techniques developed at PNR for forest study using drones and computer simulation of trees as well as introducing them to the new AR Perpetual Garden App available for free in app stores. This app helps people learn about the effects of the deer population on an environment. It shows how the forest should look compared to how the forest looks when deer are over abundant. The app features Woodland In Balance vs. Woodland Out of Balance Scenarios along with dialogue to explain the differences and why they differ.

CMNH Botany has been active in this event since its inception in 2012. We hope to see more people attend this conference on plants and how important they are.  You can find more information for this conference and other plant related items at PABotany.org.

Bonnie Isaac is the Collection Manager in the Section of Botany. Museum employees are encouraged to blog about their unique experiences and knowledge gained from working at the museum.

Filed Under: Blog Tagged With: Bonnie Isaac, Botany, John Wenzel, Mason Heberling, plants, Powdermill Nature Reserve, Sarah Williams

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